mengapa mesopotamia dianggap sebagai tempat lahirnya kebudayaan

Merekamembuat banyak kemajuan dalam arsitektur, dalam bentuk pemerintahan, dan dalam filsafat. Ini dianggap sebagai tempat lahirnya peradaban Barat. Roma Kuno (753 SM - 476 M): Peradaban Romawi didirikan di tepi Laut Tyrrhenian. Seiring waktu, itu berkembang menjadi salah satu kerajaan paling penting dan kuat di dunia. MesopotamiaBawah terletak di negara modern Irak, sedangkan Mesopotamia Atas terletak di Suriah dan Turki. Mesopotamia dianggap sebagai tempat lahir, atau awal, peradaban. Inilah sebabnya mengapa Mesopotamia merupakan bagian dari bulan sabit yang subur , sebuah wilayah daratan di Timur Tengah yang kaya akan tanah subur dan berbentuk bulan sabit . Namunmasa ini berakhir saat adanya kemunculan peradaban-peradaban maju yang memiliki pemikiran yang maju pula. Di antaranya adalah peradaban Mesopotamia. Dalam makalah ini, saya sebagai pemakalah akan memaparkan informasi tentang peradaban Mesopotamia. Dimulai dari letak geografis, penduduk, dan hasil peradaban penduduknya. KondisiMesopotamia yang terbuka mendorong bangsa-bangsa lain melakukan invasi, di antaranya bangsa Sumeria, Semit, Babilonia, Amoria, Assyria, dan Persia. Bisa dibilang, Mesopotamia itu kaya budaya. Bahkan peradaban Mesopotamia dikatakan sebagai peradaban besar tertua di dunia lho. Lantas, apa jadinya manusia tanpa Peradaban Mesopotamia? 1. Meilleur Site De Rencontre Quebec Gratuit. Where is Mesopotamia?Mesopotamia is located in the region now known as the Middle East, which includes parts of southwest Asia and lands around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Fertile Crescent, an area also known as “Cradle of Civilization” for the number of innovations that arose from the early societies in this region, which are among some of the earliest known human civilizations on word “mesopotamia” is formed from the ancient words “meso,” meaning between or in the middle of, and “potamos,” meaning river. Situated in the fertile valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the region is now home to modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey and tek-en/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA of Mesopotamia. Shown are Washukanni, Nineveh, Hatra, Assur, Nuzi, Palmyra, Mari, Sippar, Babylon, Kish, Nippur, Isin, Lagash, Uruk, Charax Spasinu and Ur, from north to CivilizationHumans first settled in Mesopotamia in the Paleolithic era. By 14,000 people in the region lived in small settlements with circular thousand years later, these houses formed farming communities following the domestication of animals and the development of agriculture, most notably irrigation techniques that took advantage of the proximity of the Tigris and Euphrates progress was the work of the dominant Ubaid culture, which had absorbed the Halaf culture before MesopotamiaThese scattered agrarian communities started in the northern part of the ancient Mesopotamian region and spread south, continuing to grow for several thousand years until forming what modern humans would recognize as cities, which were considered the work of the Sumer was the first of these cities, dating back to around 3200 It was a mud brick metropolis built on the riches brought from trade and conquest and featured public art, gigantic columns and temples. At its peak, it had a population of some 50,000 are also responsible for the earliest form of written language, cuneiform, with which they kept detailed clerical ancient people made pottery by hand, but the Sumerians were the first to develop the turning wheel, a device which allowed them to mass-produce it. That enabled them to churn out large numbers of items such as containers for workers’ rations, sort of the ancient forerunner of Sumerians were using written communication by 2800 They didn’t set out to write great literature or record their history, but rather to keep track of the goods that they were making and selling. They did that with a system of pictographs, which essentially were drawings of various objects. Eventually, they began to combine pictographs to express ideas and actions. The pictographs evolved into symbols that stood for words and sounds. The Sumerians figured out how to collect and channel the overflow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers—and the rich silt that it contained—and then use it to water and fertilize their farm fields. They designed complex systems of canals, with dams constructed of reeds, palm trunks and mud whose gates could be opened or closed to regulate the flow of Sumerians didn’t invent wheeled vehicles, but they probably developed the first two-wheeled chariot in which a driver drove a team of animals, writes Richard W. Bulliet in The Wheel Inventions and Reinventions. Goodman says that there’s evidence the Sumerians had such carts for transportation in the 3000s but they were probably used for ceremonies or by the military, rather than as a means to get around the countryside, where the rough terrain would have made wheeled travel Sumerians invented this vital technology in farming. They even produced a manual that gave farmers detailed instructions on how to use various types of plows. And they specified the prayer that should be recited to pay homage to Ninkilim, the goddess of field rodents, in order to protect the grain from being were the first to gather wool to be woven into fabric for clothing on an industrial scale. Sumerians were the first to cross kin lines and form larger working organizations for making textiles—the predecessors of modern manufacturing make up for a shortage of stones and timber for building houses and temples, the Sumerians created molds for making bricks out of clay. Their buildings might not have been as durable as stone ones, but they were able to build more of them, and create larger Sumerians were some of the earliest people to use copper to make useful items, ranging from spearheads to chisels and razors, according to the Copper Development Association. They also made art with copper, including dramatic panels depicting fantastical animals such as an eagle with a lion’s head. Primitive people counted using simple methods, such as putting notches on bones, but it was the Sumerians who developed a formal numbering system based on units of 60. At first, they used reeds to keep track of the units, but eventually, with the development of cuneiform, they used vertical marks on the clay tablets. Their system helped lay the groundwork for the mathematical calculations of civilizations that followed. 1 / 9 DeAgostini/Getty ImagesBy 3000 Mesopotamia was firmly under the control of the Sumerian people. Sumer contained several decentralized city-states—Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish and first king of a united Sumer is recorded as Etana of Kish. It’s unknown whether Etana really existed, as he and many of the rulers listed in the Sumerian King List that was developed around 2100 are all featured in Sumerian mythology as was followed by Meskiaggasher, the king of the city-state Uruk. A warrior named Lugalbanda took control around 2750 Gilgamesh, the legendary subject of the Epic of Gilgamesh, is said to be Lugalbanda’s son. Gilgamesh is believed to have been born in Uruk around 2700 Epic of Gilgamesh is considered to be the earliest great work of literature and the inspiration for some of the stories in the Bible. In the epic poem, Gilgamesh goes on an adventure with a friend to the Cedar Forest, the land of the Gods in Mesopotamian mythology. When his friend is slain, Gilgamesh goes on a quest to discover the secret of eternal life, finding "Life, which you look for, you will never find. For when the gods created man, they let death be his share, and life withheld in their own hands."King Lugalzagesi was the final king of Sumer, falling to Sargon of Akkad, a Semitic people, in 2334 They were briefly allies, conquering the city of Kish together, but Lugalzagesi’s mercenary Akkadian army was ultimately loyal to and the AkkadiansThe Akkadian Empire existed from 2234-2154 under the leadership of the now-titled Sargon the Great. It was considered the world’s first multicultural empire with a central is known of Sargon’s background, but legends give him a similar origin to the Biblical story of Moses. He was at one point an officer who worked for the king of Kish, and Akkadia was a city that Sargon himself established. When the city of Uruk invaded Kish, Sargon took Kish from Uruk and was encouraged to continue with expanded his empire through military means, conquering all of Sumer and moving into what is now Syria. Under Sargon, trade beyond Mesopotamian borders grew, and architecture became more sophisticated, notably the appearance of ziggurats, flat-topped buildings with a pyramid shape and The final king of the Akkadian Empire, Shar-kali-sharri, died in 2193 and Mesopotamia went through a century of unrest, with different groups struggling for these groups were the Gutian people, barbarians from the Zagros Mountains. The Gutian rule is considered a disorderly one that caused a severe downturn in the empire’s In 2100 the city of Ur attempted to establish a dynasty for a new empire. The ruler of Ur-Namma, the king of the city of Ur, brought Sumerians back into control after Utu-hengal, the leader of the city of Uruk, defeated the Ur-Namma, the first code of law in recorded history, The Code of Ur-Nammu, appeared. Ur-Namma was attacked by both the Elamites and the Amorites and defeated in 2004 BabyloniansChoosing Babylon as the capital, the Amorites took control and established were considered deities and the most famous of these was Hammurabi, who ruled 1792–1750 Hammurabi worked to expand the empire, and the Babylonians were almost continually at most famous contribution is his list of laws, better known as the Code of Hammurabi, devised around 1772 innovation was not just writing down the laws for everyone to see, but making sure that everyone throughout the empire followed the same legal codes, and that governors in different areas did not enact their own. The list of laws also featured recommended punishments to ensure that every citizen had the right to the same 1750 the Elamites conquered the city of Ur. Together with the control of the Amorites, this conquest marked the end of Sumerian HittitesThe Hittites, who were centered around Anatolia and Syria, conquered the Babylonians around 1595 was a significant contribution of the Hittites, allowing for more sophisticated weaponry that lead them to expand the empire even further. Their attempts to keep the technology to themselves eventually failed, and other empires became a match for Hittites pulled out shortly after sacking Babylon, and the Kassites took control of the city. Hailing from the mountains east of Mesopotamia, their period of rule saw immigrants from India and Europe arriving, and travel sped up thanks to the use of horses with chariots and Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian AssyriansStefano Bianchetti/Corbis/Getty ImagesReception of a victorious general of the Assyrian Empire in Assyrian Empire under the leadership of Ashur-uballit I rose around 1365 in the areas between the lands controlled by the Hittites and the 1220 King Tukulti-Ninurta I aspired to rule all of Mesopotamia and seized Babylon. The Assyrian Empire continued to expand over the next two centuries, moving into modern-day Palestine and the rule of Ashurnasirpal II in 884 the empire created a new capitol, Nimrud, built from the spoils of conquest and brutality that made Ashurnasirpal II a hated son Shalmaneser spent the majority of his reign fighting off an alliance between Syria, Babylon and Egypt, and conquering Israel. One of his sons rebelled against him, and Shalmaneser sent another son, Shamshi-Adad, to fight for him. Three years later, Shamshi-Adad IIA new dynasty began in 722 when Sargon II seized power. Modeling himself on Sargon the Great, he divided the empire into provinces and kept the undoing came when the Chaldeans attempted to invade and Sargon II sought an alliance with them. The Chaldeans made a separate alliance with the Elamites, and together they took II lost to the Chaldeans but switched to attacking Syria and parts of Egypt and Gaza, embarking on a spree of conquest before eventually dying in battle against the Cimmerians from II’s grandson Esarhaddon ruled from 681 to 669 and went on a destructive campaign of conquest through Ethiopia, Palestine and Egypt, destroying cities he rampaged through after looting them. Esarhaddon struggled to rule his expanded empire. A paranoid leader, he suspected many in his court of conspiring against him and had them son Ashurbanipal is considered to be the final great ruler of the Assyrian empire. Ruling from 669 to 627 he faced a rebellion in Egypt, losing the territory, and from his brother, the king of Babylonia, whom he defeated. Ashurbanipal is best remembered for creating Mesopotamia’s first library in what is now Nineveh, Iraq. It is the world’s oldest known library, predating the Library of Alexandria by several hundred 626 the throne was seized by Babylonian public official Nabopolassar, ushering in the rule of the Semitic dynasty from Chaldea. In 616 Nabopolassar attempted to take Assyria but History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty ImagesThe Hanging Gardens of son Nebuchadnezzar reigned over the Babylonian Empire following an invasion effort in 614 by King Cyaxares of Media that pushed the Assyrians further is known for his ornate architecture, especially the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Walls of Babylon and the Ishtar Gate. Under his rule, women and men had equal is also responsible for the conquest of Jerusalem, which he destroyed in 586 taking its inhabitants into captivity. He appears in the Old Testament because of this Persian EmpirePersian Emperor Cyrus II seized power during the reign of Nabonidus in 539 Nabonidus was such an unpopular king that Mesopotamians did not rise to defend him during the culture is considered to have ended under Persian rule, following a slow decline of use in cuneiform and other cultural the time Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire in 331 most of the great cities of Mesopotamia no longer existed and the culture had been long overtaken. Eventually, the region was taken by the Romans in 116 and finally Arabic Muslims in GodsMesopotamian religion was polytheistic, with followers worshipping several main gods and thousands of minor gods. The three main gods were Ea Sumerian Enki, the god of wisdom and magic, Anu Sumerian An, the sky god, and Enlil Ellil, the god of earth, storms and agriculture and the controller of fates. Ea is the creator and protector of humanity in both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the story of the Great Flood. In the latter story, Ea made humans out of clay, but the God Enlil sought to destroy humanity by creating a flood. Ea had the humans build an ark and mankind was spared. If this story sounds familiar, it should; foundational Mesopotamian religious stories about the Garden of Eden, the Great Flood, and the Creation of the Tower of Babel found their way into the Bible, and the Mesopotamian religion influenced both Christianity and Mesopotamian City had its own patron god or goddess, and most of what we know of them has been passed down through clay tablets describing Mesopotamian religious beliefs and practices. A painted terracotta plaque from 1775 gives an example of the sophistication of Babylonian art, portraying either the goddess Ishtar or her sister Ereshkigal, accompanied by night ArtWhile making art predates civilization in Mesopotamia, the innovations there include creating art on a larger scale, often in the context of their grandiose and complex architecture, and frequently employing Metropolitan Museum of Art/Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1966A Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel, one of the earliest examples of metalwork in art from of the earliest examples of metalwork in art comes from southern Mesopotamia, a silver statuette of a kneeling bull from 3000 Before this, painted ceramics and limestone were the most common art metal-based work, a goat standing on its hind legs and leaning on the branches of a tree, featuring gold and copper along with other materials, was found in the Great Death Pit at Ur and dates to 2500 art often depicted its rulers and the glories of their lives. Also created around 2500 in Ur is the intricate Standard of Ur, a shell and limestone structure that features an early example of complex pictorial narrative, depicting a history of war and 2230 Akkadian King Naram-Sin was the subject of an elaborate work in limestone that depicts a military victory in the Zagros Mountains and presents Naram-Sin as the most dynamic forms of Mesopotamian art are the reliefs of the Assyrian kings in their palaces, notably from Ashurbanipal’s reign around 635 One famous relief in his palace in Nimrud shows him leading an army into battle, accompanied by the winged god is also featured in multiple reliefs that portray his frequent lion-hunting activity. An impressive lion image also figures into the Ishtar Gate in 585 during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II and fashioned from glazed art returned to the public eye in the 21st century when museums in Iraq were looted during conflicts there. Many pieces went missing, including a 4,300-year-old bronze mask of an Akkadian king, jewelry from Ur, a solid gold Sumerian harp, 80,000 cuneiform tablets and numerous other irreplaceable Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization. Paul Mesopotamia. Leo Mesopotamia This History, Our History. University of 8000-2000 Metropolitan Museum of Years of Art. Editors at Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Secara harfiah, nama Mesopotamia berarti "tanah di antara sungai-sungai" dalam bahasa Yunani; meso adalah "tengah" atau "antara" dan "potam" adalah akar kata untuk "sungai," juga terlihat dalam kata kuda nil atau "kuda sungai." Mesopotamia adalah nama kuno untuk apa yang sekarang disebut Irak , tanah di antara Sungai Tigris dan Efrat. Kadang-kadang juga diidentifikasi dengan Bulan Sabit Subur , meskipun secara teknis Bulan Sabit Subur mengambil bagian dari apa yang sekarang menjadi beberapa negara lain di Asia barat daya. Sejarah Singkat Mesopotamia Sungai-sungai di Mesopotamia membanjiri dengan pola yang teratur, membawa banyak air dan tanah lapisan atas baru yang kaya dari pegunungan. Akibatnya, daerah ini adalah salah satu tempat pertama di mana orang hidup dengan bertani. Sejak tahun yang lalu, para petani di Mesopotamia mulai menanam biji-bijian seperti jelai. Mereka juga memelihara hewan seperti domba dan sapi, yang menyediakan sumber makanan alternatif, wol dan kulit, dan pupuk kandang untuk menyuburkan ladang. Sebagai populasi Mesopotamia berkembang, orang membutuhkan lebih banyak lahan untuk mengolah. Untuk menyebarkan pertanian mereka ke daerah gurun kering yang jauh dari sungai, mereka menemukan bentuk irigasi yang rumit menggunakan kanal, bendungan, dan saluran air. Proyek pekerjaan umum ini juga memungkinkan mereka untuk mengendalikan banjir tahunan Sungai Tigris dan Efrat, meskipun sungai masih membanjiri bendungan secara teratur. Bentuk Tulisan Paling Awal Bagaimanapun, basis pertanian yang kaya ini memungkinkan kota-kota berkembang di Mesopotamia, serta pemerintahan yang kompleks dan beberapa hierarki sosial paling awal umat manusia. Salah satu kota besar pertama adalah Uruk , yang menguasai sebagian besar Mesopotamia dari sekitar 4400 hingga 3100 SM. Selama periode ini, orang-orang Mesopotamia menemukan salah satu bentuk tulisan paling awal, yang disebut cuneiform . Cuneiform terdiri dari pola berbentuk baji yang ditekan ke dalam tablet lumpur basah dengan alat tulis yang disebut stylus. Jika tablet itu kemudian dipanggang dalam tungku atau secara tidak sengaja di dalam api rumah, dokumen tersebut akan disimpan hampir tanpa batas waktu. Selama seribu tahun berikutnya, kerajaan dan kota penting lainnya muncul di Mesopotamia. Sekitar tahun 2350 SM, bagian utara Mesopotamia diperintah dari negara-kota Akkad, dekat tempat yang sekarang disebut Fallujah, sedangkan wilayah selatan disebut Sumeria . Seorang raja bernama Sargon 2334-2279 SM menaklukkan negara-kota Ur , Lagash, dan Umma, dan menyatukan Sumeria dan Akkad untuk menciptakan salah satu kerajaan besar pertama di dunia. Kebangkitan Babel Suatu saat di milenium ketiga SM, sebuah kota bernama Babel dibangun oleh orang-orang yang tidak dikenal di Sungai Efrat. Ini menjadi pusat politik dan budaya yang sangat penting di Mesopotamia di bawah Raja Hammurabi , r. 1792-1750 SM, yang mencatat " Kode Hammurabi " yang terkenal untuk mengatur hukum di kerajaannya. Keturunannya memerintah sampai mereka digulingkan oleh orang Het pada tahun 1595 SM. Negara-kota Asyur masuk untuk mengisi kekosongan kekuasaan yang ditinggalkan oleh runtuhnya negara Sumeria dan penarikan berikutnya dari orang Het. Periode Asyur Tengah berlangsung dari 1390 hingga 1076 SM, dan Asyur pulih dari periode gelap selama satu abad untuk menjadi kekuatan utama di Mesopotamia lagi dari 911 SM sampai ibu kota mereka di Niniwe dijarah oleh Media dan Scythians pada 612 SM. Babel menjadi terkenal lagi pada masa Raja Nebukadnezar II , 604-561 SM, pencipta Taman Gantung Babel yang terkenal . Fitur istananya ini dianggap sebagai salah satu dari Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Kuno. Setelah sekitar 500 SM, wilayah yang dikenal sebagai Mesopotamia jatuh di bawah pengaruh Persia, dari tempat yang sekarang disebut Iran . Persia memiliki keuntungan berada di Jalur Sutra, dan dengan demikian mendapatkan potongan perdagangan antara Cina , India , dan dunia Mediterania. Mesopotamia tidak akan mendapatkan kembali pengaruhnya atas Persia sampai sekitar 1500 tahun kemudian, dengan munculnya Islam. Wikipedia Bangsa Sumeria orang-orang yang inovatif, inventif, serta imajinatif. Jadi, tentu bukan tanpa alasan para sejarawan dan arkeolog menyebut Mesopotamia sebagai tempat lahirnya peradaban. - Kebanyakan sarjana setuju bahwa bangsa Sumeria kuno adalah peradaban yang paling awal berkembang dalam sejarah. Oleh karena itu Mesopotamia sering dianggap sebagai tempat lahirnya peradaban. Namun bagaimana tepatnya bangsa Sumeria mengubah dunia? Orang kuno mengenal seni jauh sebelum kelahiran peradaban Sumeria dan mereka juga mempraktikkan pertanian sekitar SM. Akan tetapi kekuatan Mesopotamia adalah bahwa bangsa Sumeria mengambil banyak aspek budaya manusia. Kemudian mereka mengubahnya menjadi apa yang sekarang kita sebut peradaban. Bangsa Sumeria kuno, "yang berkepala hitam", muncul di dataran banjir di hilir Sungai Tigris dan Efrat sekitar 4000 SM. Kini tempat itu disebut sebagai Irak modern. Bukanlah orang pertama di planet kita, tetapi bangsa Sumeria adalah yang pertama dalam banyak bidang keahlian. Beberapa objek dan teknologi yang kita anggap remeh sekarang merupakan persembahan bangsa Sumeria untuk dunia. Bangsa Sumeria menciptakan seni menulis Dari puisi epik Sumeria "Inanna dan Enki" kita mengetahui bahwa seni menulis adalah salah satu dari banyak elemen dasar peradaban. Tulisan itu didedikasikan untuk orang-orang di bumi oleh Enki, Dewa Kebijaksanaan. Lebih dari tahun yang lalu, orang yang tinggal di Mesopotamia mengembangkan bentuk tulisan. Ini digunakan untuk merekam dan mengomunikasikan berbagai jenis informasi. Bentuk awal penulisan didasarkan pada piktogram, yang membantu mengomunikasikan informasi dasar tentang tanaman dan pajak. “Dengan menggunakan tablet paku ini, bangsa Sumeria mengembangkan naskah yang sangat mirip dengan tulisan hari ini,” ungkap Allen Lloyd dilansir dari laman Ancient Pages. Pada awalnya, mereka menggunakan karakter. Namun kemudian, mereka berhasil memastikan lebih banyak kejelasan ke dalam skrip dengan sekitar 400 karakter. Sekitar tahun SM, aksara Sumeria menjadi jauh lebih maju. Tidak lagi sebatas informasi tentang tanaman dan pajak, tetapi juga menggambarkan emosi seperti ketakutan, kemarahan, atau harapan. Kode moral dan hukum diciptakan di Sumeria Seperti di sebagian besar masyarakat kuno, para imam sangat dihormati. Mengeklaim memiliki kemampuan berkomunikasi dengan para dewa, para imam mengambil tempat di puncak hierarki sosial. “Dari sini akhirnya sistem kelas dikembangkan,” tambah Lloyd. Pentingnya agama terinspirasi dari kode moral, yang mengarah pada aturan formal. Pada akhirnya, ada hukuman bagi mereka yang tidak taat. PROMOTED CONTENT Video Pilihan - Mesopotamia adalah wilayah bersejarah di Asia Barat yang terletak di antara dua sungai besar, yaitu Sungai Eufrat dan Tigris. Wilayah yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Republik Irak ini memiliki tanah yang subur. Kesuburan tanahnya itulah yang akhirnya menjadi faktor pendukung bagi tumbuhnya peradaban suatu peradaban kuno yang tumbuh di Mesopotamia dikenal sebagai peradaban paling awal di Asia Barat dan salah satu yang tertua di dunia. Bangsa yang pertama kali menguasai wilayah Mesopotamia ialah Bangsa Sumeria. Selain Sumeria, bangsa-bangsa yang pernah mengembangkan peradabannya di Mesopotamia adalah Akkadia, Babilonia, Assyria, dan Babilonia besar peradaban yang berkembang di Mesopotamia bergantung pada hasil pertanian. Mereka mengairi tanah pertaniannya dengan membuat saluran air dari Sungai Eufrat dan Tigris. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penggalian arkeolog di kota-kota Sumeria. Baca juga Bangsa Dravida Asal-usul, Ciri-ciri, dan Hasil Kebudayaan Letak Mesopotamia Mesopotamia berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, yaitu mesos yang artinya tengah dan potamus yang berarti sungai. - Mesopotamia adalah wilayah yang terletak di antara Sungai Eufrat dan Sungai Tigris, yang sekarang termasuk sebagai Republik Irak. Mesopotamia dikenal sebagai wilayah yang sangat subur, sehingga menjadi faktor pendukung bagi tumbuhnya peradaban bangsa-bangsa yang ada di sana. Bahkan, berkat peradaban kuno yang tumbuh di Mesopotamia, membuatnya disebut-sebut sebagai The Cradle of Civilization atau asal-muasal mengapa Mesopotamia sering disebut sebagai The Cradle of Civilization? Baca juga Mengapa Mesopotamia Diperebutkan Bangsa-Bangsa di Sekitarnya? Tempat berkembangnya pertanian dan irigasi Bangsa pertama yang mengembangkan peradaban di Mesopotamia adalah bangsa Sumeria, yang mendiami wilayah tersebut sejak sekitar 3500 Sumeria mengandalkan pertanian dalam bertahan hidup, yang didukung oleh kondisi tanah di Mesopotamia yang sangat subur karena diapit dua sungai. Alhasil, pertanian di sana pun berkembang secara intensif dan membuat penduduknya sejahtera. Dalam kegiatan bercocok tanam, penduduk berhasil membudidayakan beragam jenis tumbuhan dan hewan, maka stok pangan di Mesopotamia juga lebih dari cukup. Perkembangan pertanian di Mesopotamia kala itu juga didukung oleh sistem pengairan yang maju. Pada masanya, bangsa Sumeria telah mampu menanggulangi banjir yang datang dari Sungai Eufrat dan Tigris dengan membuat sistem pengairan yang baik.

mengapa mesopotamia dianggap sebagai tempat lahirnya kebudayaan